White River Massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White River Massacre - Essay Example Simultaneously, White pilgrims were griping about Utes for their over the top chasing exercises. Meeker got baffled when Utes would not follow his request requesting that they furrow their race track into a homestead land. Meeker looked for military assistance from Colorado Governor Frederick Pitkin in order to shield him and his men from the Utes. His solicitation was before long conformed to and Major Thornburgh walked with 200 fighters toward the White River Agency at the separation of 150 miles; be that as it may, the soldiers were first seen by Utes during their chasing trip. Utes considered this walk an intrusion on them and requested that Meeker stop their appearance right away. Meeker concurred and mentioned Thornburgh that better he keep his force outside the Ute reservation region and just five of them go with him for a discourse with Utes delegates (Peters, Mike). Despite the fact that Thornburgh conceded to this at first yet for reasons unknown started going into Milk Creek. Thornburgh committed a grave error of intersection Milk Creek and going into Ute region, possibly he maybe accepted that his way would not get blocked. Thornburgh’s section into Utes region touched off the contention among Utes and Whites that at long last finished into an undeniable war. The fight started in the first part of the day of September 29 1879 and raised soon that activated scandalous White River Massacre (Peters, Mike). In the wake of completing the supper of the day Arvilla, the spouse of Meeker, was washing dishes when she heard the firearm shots. Maybe Utes found out about the fight at Milk Creek and expected that troops were walking ahead to execute or push them off kilter region. Meeker and nine other white men were slaughtered efficiently. Nathan Meeker was terminated on the head. Utes contempt against whites was on high pitch on those days and that was obvious from the offensive episode of a metal piece penetrated into Meeker’s mouth (Peters, Mike). Arvilla, her little girl and one of her buddy fled from

Grammar Translation Approach and Direct Approach free essay sample

An augmentation of the methodology used to show old style Ls to the educating of present day L Grammar interpretation approach *Characteristics * Instruction is given in the local L of the understudies. * There is little utilization of the objective L for correspondence. * Focus is on syntactic parsing; the structure and intonation of words. * There is early perusing of troublesome writings. * An average exercise is to decipher sentences from the objective L into the first language ,VS * The consequence of this methodology is typically a powerlessness with respect to the understudy to utilize the L for correspondence. The educator doesn't need to have the option to talk the objective L celce-murcia, Marianne , Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language 6page, Heinle, Cengage Learning] The precision of the sentences principally relies upon the leaner’s dominance of syntax With this model, language structures are introduced by the instructor, at that point rehearsed as spoken or composed activities, and afterward utilized by students in less controlled talking or composing exercises. We will compose a custom paper test on Sentence structure Translation Approach and Direct Approach or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page GTA improves student’s dominance of punctuation, however understudies can't utilize these guidelines deftly and fittingly in correspondence. In other words, the conventional GTM has its burdens which keep the understudies from building up their informative skill *Weakness 1) Teacher-focused. Subsequently, homeroom time is for the most part spent on the teachers’ expand clarification of English sentence structure rules, while all the understudies are either tuning in or taking notes. Little thoughtfulness regarding informative ability understudies acknowledge the English information latently. Little utilization of the language ordinary exercise is to make an interpretation of sentences from L2 into L1 or the other way around; absence of open opportunities| 2) Memorization and repetition learning are the fundamental learning methods, which can't assist with stimulating students’ premium, form their self-assurance or improve their informative systems in English learning and even makes them dread English syntax learning. Exercises start with exchanges and stories in present day conversational style - Actions and pictures are utilized to make implications understood - Grammar is found out inductively Literary writings are perused for delight and are not broke down linguistically - The objective culture is additionally instructed inductively - The instructor must be a local speaker or have nativelike capability in the objective L [celce-murcia, Marianne , Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language 6page, Heinle, Cengage Learning] The immediate technique for educating was created as a reaction to the Grammar-Translation strategy. It tried to submerge the student similarly as when a first language is found out. All educating is done in the objective language, sentence structure is instructed inductively, there is an attention on talking and tuning in, and just helpful ‘everyday language is educated. *Weakness The shortcoming in the Direct Method is its presumption that a subsequent language can be learnt in the very same manner as a first when in certainty the conditions under which a subsequent language is found out are totally different. +) surmise from the expression ‘Reading A; the following An of Direct A, will be a response to the issues experienced in actualizing the Direct A; perusing was seen as the most usable skill’ †in the book that previously alluded, A has been condemned on the way that they nearly overlook the significance of perusing.

Standardized Testing in United States Schools - Free Essay Example

Schools across the United States have become accustomed to the idea of standardized testing and use these tests constantly throughout the school year. Many children even start these tests at the young age of 11. There are a variety of tests such as the SAT, ACT, and PERT, which are the focal measurements determining acceptance into most colleges. The main question is, should these standardized tests be mandatory at all high schools? This topic has been widely debated throughout the years, but based on research conducted by researchers, journalists, etc. the answer is yes. The fact that standardized tests are reliable, objective measurements of student and teacher achievement, and an educational reference point to ensure fair school education across the nation are just two of the many reasons why all high schools should mandate these tests. It is human nature to make mistakes and have biased opinions, but with the use of standardized testing, it provides an objective measurement of student and teacher achievement. Contrary to popular belief, teachers have a large impact on students grades unintentionally from the unreliability of the scores through favoritism and error. According to Richard P. Phelps, author of Defending Standardized testing, it is stated, First, there is the benefit of information used for diagnosis (e.g., of a students or teachers problems or progress). Standardized tests may reveal weaknesses or strengths that corroborate or supplement a teachers or principals analysis. (Phelps). The basis of Phelps argument is that the information produced by the tests helps determine teacher and student achievement. Standardized tests also ascertain whether there is a positive or negative correlation between the two, as in if the teacher had prepared the student successfully enough or whether the student possesses the capable skills to pass the given test. To summarize the previous statement, The Huffington Post expresses similar viewpoints. According to Dr. Gail Gross, contributor to the Huffington Post, The standardized test is an objective and critical measure of achievement in skills, knowledge, and abilities, and must pass the criteria of measurement validity, reliability, and bias, as well as an awareness of the tests potential limitations in scoring (Gross). What can be understood from these two quotes is that one benefit of standardized testing is making sure that each participant of the test is graded fairly and objectively to ensure the best possible results of the students achievement. Besides the understanding of individual student academic achievements provided by standardized testing, it also acts as an educational reference point for schoolwide and nationwide success. According to Dr. Gail Gross from the Huffington Post, The standardized test gives valuable insight into broader issues, such as acting as an education reference point for fair and equitable education for all children in all schools † district by district and state by state (Gross). Most standardized tests provide percentages of schools passing rates and group them throughout the school district to show what schools need further funding and help to overall better their students education. These large decisions concerning further amplification of the schools educational curriculum are made by the districts School Board, in which the superintendent of that district plays a major role. In low-income neighborhoods and cities, students test scores tend to be lower than those of the more fortunate due to lack of proper materials, funding, and other vital resources needed to ultimately pass the test. According to Defending Standardized Testing, there has been a conducted survey of 1,023 parents of children who attend school, in which it was found that 83% of the responding participants believe that tests provide important information about their childrens educational progress, and even further, 9 out of 10 wanted data to compare and contrast the scores of their children and the schools they attend. (Phelps). In arguing this claim, Phelps used the conducted survey of childrens test scores from standardized testing to show that not only do these tests provide crucial information regarding academic achievement but assess the comparison of the scores throughout the schools that take it. This overall benefits the schools throughout the district because it can assess the schools progress to the School Board, negative or positive. On the other hand, some people might argue and constantly scrutinize standardized testing based on the mere fact that it can cause students to become very stressed and overwhelmed. According to Francois R. Casas and Diane E. Meaghan, co-authors of Renewing the Debate Over the Use of Standardized Testing in the Evaluation of Learning and Teaching, Standardized tests are not suitable for all students: the pressure they exert on children is of a different nature than that encountered daily in the classroom. (Casas, Meaghan). In other words, Casas and Meaghan emphasize the stress applied to children when studying for and taking standardized tests instructed in their curriculum. This may be true in some cases, on how each person participating in this test is different and have different amounts of stress they can deal with, which can be tricky when it comes to the day of the test. This is certainly not a factor to rule out because, understandably, the negative impacts these tests have on children are serious. However, with further adjustment to the curriculum, the overall benefit of these tests outweighs the negative impacts that can sometimes, but quite seldomly occur. In the final analysis, standardized tests are crucial and overall advantageous because they are reliable and objective measures of student achievement and serve as an educational reference point to ensure fair school education in all schools. The practice and use of standardized tests persist with high hopes of counteracting the negative effects, alongside the desire to intensify and strengthen the positive outcomes that are the result of these tests. The debate over this topic is far from over and will continue to be researched as more effective standardized tests arise in schools over periods of time.

Gun Rights And Issues Of The United States - 1558 Words

Gun Rights and Issues The second amendment states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†. As stated in the Wikipedia cite focused on the second amendment, â€Å"The right to bear arms is the people s right to have their own arms for their defense†. Breaking the exact amendment down in to pieces is as simple as that, but yet throughout our world so many citizens have different thoughts and opinions. In my opinion though, I feel we as American citizens have the right to self-protection and the right to bear arms in our own homes and this right should never change. The second amendment is not only personal for me but also for many†¦show more content†¦What are you going to do at this point? Surrender and say kill us all. Or stand up as a US Citizen should and protect your family as our ancestors have done for many years before. Without a gun in the household you and your family are prey to many predators that we have every day. If criminals know that families don’t have weapons they will immediately be drawn to the houses with the least amount of protection witch will cause even more crime and deaths of innocent people. People who are Anti-gun will come back and say, if we take away all guns less crime will be committed because there will be less weapons to use in the crimes. What they don’t understand is criminals already have bad records, so what’s it to them if they have an illegal gun in possession? Nothing at all. In reality taking away this right will leave innocent citizens with no protection and give crimin als easy access to crime. As free people we cannot let this take effect. Taking our gun rights away would not only hurt us as a whole but it would affect many crime rates, and not in a positive way. Not only has the second amendment right been a big topic for ages but it is actually the right that founded America. This right has so much history, that taking it away would not better our nation in any way shape or form. The right to bear arms as individual right was admitted by the Supreme Court of the United States in its result in the Dred Scott vs Sandford in 1856. During the colonial times, guns and fire

Applying International Trade Concepts Example

Essays on Applying International Trade Concepts Essay ï » ¿Applying International Trade Concepts During the 20th century the globalization movement, which gain momentum after the end of World War II, increased the volume of international trade among the countries participating in our global economy. International trade allows nations to sell its surplus production to other countries in the form of exports. It also enables a nation to acquire goods and services from other countries which is referred to as imports. This paper discusses international trade concepts based on the knowledge acquired in the classroom and from the simulation Applying International Trade Concepts. There are lots of advantages associated with international trade. As a governmental official responsible for international trade matters in the nation of Rodomia I learned that international trade can lower the cost of living of a population through the acquisition of cheap goods. Rodomia had weaknesses in its production capacity of electronic goods. When the president decided to open up the economy of Rodomia and began trading with neighboring countries it found suitable suppliers to acquire the types of goods the citizens desired. The consumer had greater choice and accessibility to quality merchandise. In order to succeed in the international trade scene it is imperative to exploit comparative advantages. Some of the cons of international trade include the possibility of other nations utilizing unethical tactics such as dumping merchandise. This is a strategy that overflows the market with cheap imports of a specific product in order to destroy the domestic industry. The goods ar e sold at below market value, thus there is not way the domestic producers can compete. When these types of actions occurred the government must intervene and fix the situation either by utilizing tariffs or quota mechanisms. The United States has the biggest and most sophisticated economy in the world. Due to the consumerism tendencies of its population the US has been importing beyond their reach for decades. The United States has the largest trade deficit in the world. In order to remain competitive in the global marketplace after other nation began to take business away from US enterprises in many labor intensive industries the US emphasize in technology to improve its production capabilities. The economy also transformed itself into a knowledge economy attract foreign investment due to the large supply of skilled laborers such as engineers, accountants, and scientist. The United States has been at the forefront of exporting expertise services such as engineering and project management contracts. A similarity between the US economy and Rodomia’s economy is that both nations depend on the production of the service industry as a major contributor of its gross domestic product. The United States has taken advantage of cheap imports in the early stages of the supply chain of companies in order to lower the overall costs of its own production. The fiscal and monetary policy decisions of a nation can have a direct impact in the exchange rate of a currency. For example if the federal reserve of a nation decides to overflow the market with too much money then the value of the currency will go down. An extreme case of this scenario is the hyperinflation occurrence in Zimbabwe. Recently the government of Zimbabwe issued trillion dollar bills. When a nation overflows its market with too much currency in the global scene the exchange rate for that currency is going to be lower. The exchange rate of a country’s currency has implication in international trade. If a currency devaluates the host nation loses purchasing power which implies that their purchases become more expensive (Varian, 2003). Four key concepts that I learned in the classroom which were applied during the simulation are production opportunity frontier, opportunity costs, international trade agreements, and tariffs applications. The production opportunity frontier was seen during the first round of the simulation. The objective is to find the right mix of imports and exports among the trade partners based on exploiting comparative advantages taking into consideration opportunity costs. Opportunity cost is the value of the next best choice that one gives up when making a decision (Netmba, 2009). In the simulation I learned that the proper situation in which tariffs should be utilized by a nation. The two main reasons that tariffs are implemented are to protect a local infant industry or to counterattack against illicit strategies such as price dumping. Of course tariffs also represent an revenue stream for governmental institutions. The creation of trade agreements which can be bilateral or multilateral are positive occurrences for international trade activity due to the elimination of trade barriers. Other advantages of trade agreements include: Higher volume of trade Producers can explore different markets Consumers get better range of products Increase demand and achievement of economies of scale Opens up new avenues for investment Employment increases in country receiving investment capital (Applying International Trade Concepts Simulation, 2009). The concepts learned in this simulation have many applications in the workplace. As a manager of firm one must look for international expansion opportunities. In order to create subsidiary in foreign soil it is important to find location that accept the investing without imposing too many unreasonable requirements. The existence of trade agreements can allow a company to gain easy access into a foreign nation. A company can exploit cheap import opportunities by acquiring raw materials or through outsourcing contracts. International trade provides a marketplace for firms to sell their products to other nations in the form of exports. The key attribute the economy in which a company is location must have is that the economy must be open. China is the best example of a country that has become a prototype of economic which was only possible after the elimination of the close economy of the past. China gain entrance into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, afterwards the economy of this nation became fully open. The simulation taught me a lot of things. I learned the importance analyzing the attributes of a country which determines which products the nation should produced. A country should enter into trade activity with partners that can provide them the best deal which is determine by the opportunity costs of producing a particular good in each nation. Despite the important of free trade there are situation which mandate the utilization of protectionism. In the United States for example alternative energy products represents an industry in the birth stage. President Obama should protect this industry through tariffs or quota tools. The reason for doing is that infant industry represents future job creation for a nation which means the president would be making decisions considering the long term. The creation of free trade agreement is more feasible between regional partners. The NAFTA agreement and the European Union are two examples. The organization that is at the forefront of internat ional trade across the world is the WTO. In the future among WTO partners a platform should be created for a free trade agreement of greater magnitude that includes players from each of the seven continents. References Applying International Trade Concepts Simulation (20009). University of Phoenix. Retrieved March 19, 2009 from rEsource database. Netmba.com (2009). Opportunity Costs. Retrieved March 22, 2009 from http://www.netmba.com/econ/micro/cost/opportunity/ Varian, H. (2003). Intermediate Economics: A Modern Approach (6th ed.). London: W.W. Norton Company.

Research Methodology - Data Analysis and Conclusion & Recommendations

Question: Where there are alternatives approaches they should be discussed before going into more detail with the chosen option. While you are making an argument why your research proposal is important you must always be objective and treat all alternatives equally? Answer: Research Methodology Introduction In the premise of the research study, research methodology process governs the data collection process that determines the attainment of appropriate and relevant research outcomes. The research methodology framework provides a guiding base for the selection of the most appropriate data collection methods, research approach and research design, and data analysis methods (Creswell, 2003). In this research study, in the selection of the research approach, research design, and data collection methods the core consideration is given to the subject of the research investigation, i.e. impact of making corporate social responsibility mandatory in businesses across the globe. The selection of the distinct research methods and approaches has been with proper justification in order to have selection of the most desired and suitable data to reach the significant research outcomes. In the follow of the research methods, ethical considerations have been given significant value in order to maintain the validity and reliability aspects of the research work. This research work also has some limitations that are also explored in this chapter in order to assure that these aspects will be given specific attention in the future research work to improve its scope to more extent. Research Approach The selection of the research approach is the most crucial functional area in the research methodology premise as it determines the generation of interpretations of the data collected in the research study. There are two main types of research approaches exist in the research methodology framework namely inductive research approach and deductive research approach (Brink, Walt and Van Rensburg, 2006). Inductive research approach is mainly suitable for the research process in those research studies where specific data is collected and from that data generalisations are made. On the other hand, in the deductive approach, general data is collected in relation to research context and from that data specific interpretations are made. In this research study, the prime focus area of investigation is analysing the consequences of making CSR mandatory for all kinds of business organisations across the globe. Considering this objective of the research study, the inductive approach seems the mos t suitable research approach in this study as it is proved helpful to have collection of the specific data in relation to follow up of corporate social responsibility practices by global business organisations as a mandatory process. With the implication of this research approach, at initial level, specific data is collected and hence from this data general interpretations will be made to determine the impact of making CSR practices mandatory for global business organisations. Research Design Research design in the research process provides a directive path for the selection of the most suitable data collection methods. In this regard, there are mainly three kinds of research designs are available with the researchers, namely exploratory research design, diagnostic research design and descriptive research design (Brink, Walt and Van Rensburg, 2006). The exploratory research design supports the research study for collection of the desired data from multiple sources and making significant interpretations of that data from having personal insight into the data. Other than this, descriptive research design is used in those research studies where qualitative data is used to analyse the research subject. The diagnostic research design is used in the scientific research studies where experimental data is required in order to address the research problem. From among these research designs, exploratory research design is used in this research study. Exploratory research design has been proved helpful to have use of combination of data collection methods including experience survey and literature survey (Brink, Walt and Van Rensburg, 2006). In the experience survey, a survey has been conducted from the managers, employees and general public. The literature survey method has been used in order to extract the view of different researchers and scholars in relation to the subject of corporate social responsibility and its impact through making it mandatory for business organisations, all over the globe. Exploratory research design has provided a significant support for having personal insight into the research data in order to have significant interpretations of the data. Along with this, exploratory research design is considered as the most flexible research design that provides the researchers a significant flexibility to use the research data according to the nature of the research and need of the particular data collection data method. With the help of this research design the research study has examined the consequences of making CSR mandatory (Creswell, 2003). Data Collection Methods In the research methodology, two methods of data collection are available with the researchers namely primary data collection method and secondly data collection methods. The primary data collection methods provide the opportunity for collection of one hand data in the original form (Brink, Walt and Van Rensburg, 2006). The primary data collection methods are varied in nature including survey questionnaire methods, interview method, focus group method, observation method, etc. The secondary data collection methods include case study method and literature survey method. In this research study, a combination of both primary and secondary data collection methods is used. In the primary data collection method, survey questionnaire method is used. The survey is conducted with the sample of different kinds of people including managers, employees and general public who have good knowledge about corporate social responsibility practices and the impact of making these practices mandatory. The questionnaire developed for survey purpose is structured in format and has only close ended questions related to making the corporate social responsibility practices mandatory for business organisations. In addition to this, the collection of secondary data in this research study is done in the form of performing a critical analysis of the existing literatures namely academic textbooks and scholarly articles. The literatures mainly include discussion about CSR and the debates on making it mandatory for organisations (Muijs, 2010). Sampling Strategy In order to have primary data collection through survey method, it is essential to have implication of the most suited sampling strategy. There are different kinds of sampling strategies available for such purpose including random sampling strategy, probability sampling, non-probability sampling, cluster sampling, targeted sampling, etc. From among these sampling strategies, random sampling strategy is implied in this research study for the selection of the most appropriate sample for primary data collection purpose. Simple Random sampling strategy provides the opportunity to all the members of the sample population equal probability of being the member of the selected sample size. This sampling strategy is free from any kind of bias as it does not include any discrimination with the sample population. With the implication of random sampling strategy, all the members of the sample population are listed in a tabular format and from that list selected sample size is determined on rando m basis. With the implication of this strategy, the sample size of 100 respondents is determined for the data collection purpose. This is the most suited sample size for the data collection purpose for collection of extensive data for this research (Berg and Latin, 2007). Data Analysis Methods In this research study, mixed method approach is applied for the data analysis purpose. The data is analysed with the combination of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The quantitative data analysis method is applied for the analysis of quantitative data collected through survey questionnaire method. The quantitative data analysis is done with the implication of the graphical data presentation method under which the responses of the survey are presented with the help of the graphs developed in the MS-excel (Brink, Walt and Van Rensburg, 2006). The analysis of the data is done in the percentage form. In addition to this, the analysis of literature data is done with the implication of the qualitative data analysis method. The qualitative data analysis of the data is done with the help of exploration of the evidence based data collected from different literatures through making their interpretations. The use of secondary data findings is done in order to support th e primary data findings. The collection of the varied data results from these two methods has been provided helpful to generate the most relevant and suitable research outcomes for this study. Ethical Considerations In the research study process, inclusion of ethical considerations is very much important in order to maintain validity and reliability of the research study. Use of ethical considerations is very important to maintain the degree of significance and scope of the research work (Gratton and Jones, 2010). In this relation, in the following research study also, some significant ethical considerations are given value. For instance, at the first level, the ethical consideration of confidentiality is maintained. In order to maintain ethical consideration of confidentiality, all the participants of the survey have been assured that their personal information will be kept secured and will not be disclosed to any other third party for having illegal use. In addition to this, a written consent of the participants is also availed for having participation in the research data collection process. For such purpose none of the participant is pressurised for data collection, however only those people are selected who have given their written consent to take part in this process. Other than this, the ethical aspects of credibility is also maintained in this research work and for such purpose, all the authors whose work is used for reference purpose are given value in the research through giving proper references and in-text citation. In order to maintain ethical aspects in the research, the issue of plagiarism is also avoided in this research study (Gratton and Jones, 2010). All the information in this research study is presented in the original form and none kind of data is copied and pasted in this research work. Hence, varied ethical aspects are given value in this research study, which have helped to maintained validity and reliability aspects of the research study. Research Limitations The research studies despite significant efforts of the researchers remained affected with some critical limitations due to some unavoidable reasons. In this regard, this research study is also affected by some critical limitations. The main research limitations are described in the below points: In this research study only survey questionnaire method is used that only provides limited information as the research participants are restricted to provide information only according to the options provided in the questionnaire. However, if in addition to the survey method, interview method could have been used in the research study, more extensive and elaborated information could be extracted to address the research problem (Kuada, 2012). The second critical limitation observed in this research study is that, in this study responses have been collected from different kinds of respondents including managers, employees and general public who have distinct point of views on the same question and hence making interpretations of the data seems a critical and complex process in the research work (Kuada, 2012). These limitations are very much critical for the scope of this research study in the related field. Summary The research methodology developed in this research study is quite supportive and crucial to address the research problem and reach the significant research outcomes in an appropriate manner. The selection of the research approach and research design has been proved quite appropriate as they have directed to have selection of the most appropriate data collection methods for this research study. The use of survey questionnaire method for primary data collection purpose and the use of literature survey method for secondary data collection purpose have been proved quite supportive to address the research problem in a valid and authentic manner. In addition to this, the use of data analysis techniques has also been supportive to make data interpretation in line with the research problem selected for the investigation purpose. The use of crucial ethical considerations have improves the level of validity and reliability of this research work. Following to this chapter, the next chapter of the research study is data analysis and findings chapter. In this chapter, the data collected is presented with the help of graphical presentation method and it is analysed with the support of evidence based data collected from literature sources. This chapter is also quite supportive to reach the base for deriving the major conclusions of the research study. Data Analysis and Discussion Introduction In order to accomplish the research work in the most effective manner and achieve the framed objectives, there is a need of collecting data from external sources. In this context, survey through questionnaire can be taken as one of the major measures of data collection. The data collected with the help of this method is analysed with the help of graphical data presentation method. Results of the survey conducted can be presented as below: Presentation and Analysis of the data For the purpose of collecting data some specific questions have been asked to respondents which can be analysed as below: Figure 1 reflects the gender of the respondents which reflects that majority of respondents surveyed in the research are male. Figure 2 presents the age group of people surveyed in the research work. As per the graph presented, majority of people surveyed in the process belong to the age group of 30-35 years. About 39% of the total respondents belong to this age group. In addition to 31% of people belong to the age group of 26-30 years. However, only 5% respondents are from the age group of above 35 years. Figure 3 reflects the experience of people included in the survey. In regard to this, majority of respondents included in the survey are having experience of 1 to 3 years. Along with such personal information, there are some crucial specific information have been revealed from questionnaire. Figure 4 reflects the knowledge of people regarding the concept of CSR. As per the results, majority of people (i.e. 84%) included in the survey are having effective knowledge of CSR concept. Along with this, there are 15% of people who are having limited knowledge of concept. This result is aligned with the findings of literatures, which reflects that the awareness about the CSR among people is increasing rapidly effectively in existing business world. Figure 5 presents the companies perception about adoption of CSR initiatives. Majority of respondents included in the survey, i.e. 75% of total respondents consider that their respective companies are undertaking CSR initiatives effectively. Figure 6 is the presentation of the frequency of CSR initiatives undertaken by companies in present business world. As per the results of the Survey, Majority of respondents, i.e. 53% admitted that their companies undertake CSR initiatives on frequent manner. There are 32% of people who consider that their company rarely undertakes CSR initiatives. Literatures also support such findings. For instance, as per Latif (2010) companies are rapidly undertaking CSR initiatives for the purpose of having strong presence in the competitive market place. Figure 7 reflects the Opinion of people regarding the reasons of adopting CSR for business organizations. As per the results about 28% of total respondents consider that business organizations adopt CSR to win the trust of their consumers so that they can stand in high degree of competition. In addition to this, 15% of total respondents reflected that building of the goodwill in the market is the major reasons of adopting CSR activities. However, majority of respondents, i.e. 43% people consider that all the options presented in the questionnaires reflect the answers of the question easily. Lin (2006) has also reflected that CSR is a comprehensive phenomenon which can provide multiple benefits to the business organizations in existing competitive business world. Figure 8 reflects the opinion of people regarding the notion that whether adoption of CSR is initiatives is beneficial for the sustainability of the company. In the response of this question, majority of respondents, i.e. 55% are agreed with this assertion. In addition to this, about 25% have presented their strong agreement on this perspective. There are only 20% total respondents, who shown their negative responses on this question. In Support of this results, Mandal,(2010) has reflected that CSR initiatives helps the company to generate positive reflection about their business activities among their customer bases, which directly helps the company to attain competitive advantages in the existing business world. Along with this, literatures have also asserted that CSR initiatives help the company to enhance the level of customer, as well as, employees, which leads the company to maintain its sustainability in the long run. Figure 9 reflects the opinion of people regarding the fact whether the adoption of CSR initiatives is a cost occurring activity for the organization. On this perspective, majority of respondents have shown their negative attitude on this perspective. There are about 70% of total respondents who denied the fact that CSR merely a cost occurring activity. About 20% of them were strongly disagreed with this notion. In regard to this, there are only 30% of total respondents who consider CSR is a cost occurring activity for a business organization. In regard to this, Werther and Chandler (2010) have also elaborated that CSR activities may require investment of costs, but the returns of this investments are quite high, which induce the company to make such investments. As per the views of the authors, CSR implications help the business organizations to have long term profits and sustainability in the long run. In relation to this, making investments in CSR initiatives is not a cost occurrin g activities in the long run. In this way, the findings of the survey are quite aligned with the findings of literatures. Figure 10 represents the graphical representation of the agreement of the respondents on the perspective that whether the implication of the obligation of adopting CSR over companies will lead to enhance the chances of the successful accomplishment of CSR objectives. In this regard, about 74% of respondents have considered that the imposition of the obligation of CSR is not quite helpful for companies. There are only 26% of people who think that forced imposition of CSR practices can be proved beneficial and motivating factors for business organizations to avail intensive benefits of CSR in existing business world. In relation to this, for the purpose of making CSR essential for business organization, it is essential to enhance the level of awareness among people regarding CSR practices up to a significant level. In respect to this, different literatures have also supported this notion in most effective manner. For instance, there are some authors, who have presented their findings r egarding implication of CSR in business practices. In regard to this, there is a need of inner motivation for the management if it wants to employ some crucial and effective corporate social responsibility related efforts (Werther and Chandler, 2010). Any outside imposition or strict rules and regulations implied over the company never helps it to be prompt towards the adoption of any crucial strategic direction to the company. Figure 11 reflects the agreement of respondents towards the notion that whether making CSR mandatory for the company will lead to enhance the operational and administrative burden over companies. In respect to this query, the majority of respondents, i.e. 70% have shown their disagreement on this fact up to a significant level. According to their views, implication of CSR is a part of long term strategic measures for the organizations that can lead the company towards long term success and sustainability. In regard to this, about 14% of total respondents are strongly disagreed upon this notion, which can make the fact more prominent. There are only 30% of total respondents, who consider CSR initiative as an administrative burden over business organizations and management. This fact has also been reflected quite critically by differentiated authors in their literary findings. As per the different literatures, in contemporary business world, there are a number of different crucial and effective changes which have completely redesign the business trends and practices. Implication of CSR is also one of such changes effectively that help the business organizations to change their operational framework (Werther and Chandler, 2010). In this regard, literatures have also highlighted that instead of considering CSR as an additional burden business organization have started to consider CSR as an essential business activity which are closely linked to their strategic orientation and are directed to help the organization to attain long term success and sustainability. Along with such crucial and effective close ended questions, there are some open ended questions which have been asked to the respondents to get high degree of awareness regarding the research context, i.e. benefits of implicating the CSR practices in organizational culture and practices. In context to this, the first open ended question that was to respondents was related to the critical issues in making CSR as a mandatory activity for the organization. As per the responses of the question, it has been observed that there are some critical obstacles in front of business organizations in adopting CSR practices in their streamline business operations. As per the views of the majority of people included in the survey, the first and foremost problems faced by organization are related to the scarcity of financial resources. Implication of CSR practices directs business organizations to make investments and employ its financial resources. For a business organization that is operating at s mall level, it is not an easy task. Along with this, some of the respondents have also highlighted that lack of sufficient manpower and resources can also be considered as an obstacle in front of the business organization while implicating CSR in main operational framework. In addition to this, second crucial open ended question asked in the research process is related to the benefits of CSR practices in the operational framework of business organizations. In respect to this, majority of respondents consider that building good image in existing business world is the foremost benefits for the organization. In addition to this, attaining competitive advantages is also considered as one of the prompt benefits for the company. Along with this, CSR practices also lead the company to have effective brand loyalty among customers. Discussion This research study is mainly aimed to analyse the impact of the process of making CSR activities mandatory for all business organisations across the globe. The prime objective of this research study is to have exploration of the concept of CSR and its importance in the present century business world and analysis of the need of making implication of CSR mandatory at global level and its positive and negative and aspects for the business organisations. In relation to these research objectives, on the basis of the data findings generated above and their analysis it is discussed that CSR practices are very much essential and crucial for business organisations to maintain their sustainable business position and securing the interests of the stakeholders to expected level (Costa and Menichini, 2013). The data finding reflect that considering the importance of CSR practices, almost all business organisations in the present world have been following CSR practices in order to keep their business practices sustainable and improving their corporate image. The companies follow CSR practices very frequently to a significant level. The literature data also supports the discussion by exploring that CSR practices have become crucial element of the strategic process of business organisations in almost all industries (Patil and Bhakkad, 2014). On the basis of the data findings, it has been discussed that there are varied kinds of reasons that induce business organisations to have adoption of CSR initiatives. The main reasons defined in this premise include saving of taxes imposed by government tax policies, winning the trust level of the customers, to build the goodwill of the company in the marketplace and making extra use of funds. All these kinds of benefits are the inducing factors which make the business organisations to have adoption of the CSR practices in the global marketplace. The literature data also supports that there are several reasons that have made the adoption of CSR practices an essentiality for the global business organisations (EU to force large companies to report on environmental and social impacts, 2014). On the basis of the data findings, it has also been discussed that CSR practices are very much beneficial for business organisations in order to maintain their sustainable business position in the long run in the related business industry (Hopkins, 2012). With the help of the CSR practices, the organisations can have significant level of sustainability in the long run. Though CSR activities incur some level of cost to the business, but this has also been discussed in the findings that these initiatives are not very much cost occurring activities for the business owners. On the basis of the data findings, it has been interpreted that there is an obligation on the business organisations to have follow up of CSR practices on an effective level and hence it enhances the changes of accomplishment of the CSR objectives to a significant (Mullerat, 2010). This has been evident from the case that though CSR practices have been becoming mandatory for the companies, and though it increases oper ational and administrative burden on the companies, yet not to a high level. This is even also evident in the case of different business organisations that they are having real practices in the business organisations but are not facing much burden in terms of operational and administrative cost (Park, and Ghauri, 2015). In the same line, it has been also discussed that different kinds of critical issues are also faced by business organisations while following the CSR practices as a mandatory rule. Through making CSR practices mandatory, the business organisations have a pressure to follow all the business practices in abidance of the CSR regulations (Asongu, 2007). Due to this problem, they sometimes cannot take new initiatives to a good level. Other than, in each and every new strategic initiative, the business organisations have to consider the interests of the stakeholders and this also becomes a crucial issue for the business management people as it is not essential that every s trategic initiative supports the interests of stakeholders (Yong Shin, 2014). Stakeholders are the key people for the business organisations and to secure their interests at the good level is very much essential practice for business organisations. In addition to this, it has also been discussed on the basis of the findings that having CSR as a mandatory practice has distinct benefits for business organisations, because with the help of CSR practices, the organisations can have a good corporate image in the sight of the customers and other stakeholders (Boubaker and Nguyen, 2012). As the present business environment is highly competitive in nature, it has become essential for companies to maintain their sustainable business position in the longer run and this can be attained only through making CSR practices mandatory. In addition to this, with the help of CSR practices, the business organisations can have profit maximisation because they can improve the relationship of the company with the suppliers and customers and hence their business activities are promoted more than competitors. Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion From the overall discussion, it can be concluded that implication of CSR is mandatory for organisations not because of maintaining market goodwill and image, but to secure societal interests. Compliance with CSR helps organisations to meet stakeholders interests at the extreme level in terms of ecology sustainability and human health. Environmental harm is the serious issue of concern to protect human life or for human welfare along with ensure survival of the future generations. An initiative to turn CSR mandatory for business organisations is the direct attempt towards securing sustainability of the environmental or natural resources like water, air, minerals and natural foods for the current and future generations. It also contributes in maintain countrys heritage for the coming generations. Moreover, it also inferred that CSR practices also helpful for organisations to keep their practices in alignment with the governmental regulations. It also reduces governmental oversight if i t followed CSR as a mandatory obligation. This initiative greatly enhances transparency and ethical behaviour as it complies with rules and regulations prevailing in the country as a corporate social responsible entity. It can be inferred that compliance with CSR also good for the economy as business organisation can add more towards economic growth by meeting responsibility of serving jobs. This leads in maintaining standard of work and living standard of the society. Moreover, it also contributes in saving taxes by the provision of charity and donation to the people in need in a society. CSR is altogether good for the business organisations for the long term sustainability. It can be generalised that adoption of CSR also make easy for businesses to access capital easily for business expansion as this initiative built positive image in the eyes of investors and/or ensure long term sustainability and solvency. Financial performance of the company has also been turned up with the com pliance of CSR as it leads in minimising wastage that directly adds in the cost control. Production efficiency and productivity has also improved with this effort as CSR induce firms to minimise wastages and use natural resources in the efficient way. Thus, it can be concluded that if the CSR turns mandatory, it become easy for organisations to align with business activities and goals with the interest of people in a society that ultimately stimulate business worth or value, and its existence. In relation to making CSR practices mandatory, it has been concluded that the process of making CSR practices mandatory is a positive phenomenon in the business world in order to promote the business sustainability. Through making CSR practices mandatory, the business organisations will have a keen concern towards environmental aspects and hence they will promote the environmental sustainability to the fullest degree. Through making these practices mandatory the organisations can even win trust and loyalty of the customers as well as the other stakeholders and hence can improve their corporate reputation in the longer run. With the help of CSR practices, the business organisations at global level can have compliance with governmental regulations and hence can having saving from tax liabilities. On the basis of the data findings and their conclusion it has been discussed that CSR practices incur cost to some extent but these initiatives do not put heavy cost burden on the organisations. Even these practices help the business organisations to maintain efficiency in their operational and administrative functional areas. With the help of CSR practices, all kinds of business organisations all over the world can have standard format for following CSR practices and hence the business organisation while operating into the international business environment will not face any kind of contradictions. Furthermore, it has also been concluded on the basis of the data findings, that CSR practices have diverse range of benefits for the business organisations and this is the reason that large number of business organisations have been adopting these practices on priority basis. With the help of these strategic indicatives the organisation even gains competitive advantage in the long run. He nce this research study has very crucial role in the field of strategic management as it provides a strong base for making CSR practices mandatory at global level through signifying its positive aspects. Recommendations CSR also known as Corporate Social Responsibility is aims to ensure that companies conduct their business in such a way that is ethical. This means that a company should take into account their social, economic and environmental impact as well as consider the human rights also. The organisation that introduces CSR behaves more ethically and contributes to economic development. Many organisations do a lot to contribute to the society and environment. Companies express their citizenship through different practices like waste and pollution reduction, by contributing in social and educational programme (Horrigan, 2010). If an organisation implements the CSR concept in a proper manner, it will benefit them in many ways: It can bring them a competitive advantage, like increase in their capital and market, increase in their profit and sales, saves operational costs, improvement in quality as well as productivity, efficient base of human resource, improve their brand image and also their rep utation, increased customer loyalty, etc. Sustainability is necessary for an organisation's success. It is a question of debate from past many years that should Corporate Social Responsibility is mandatory. This is a vision to become ethical and value driven society, it is easy to say, but difficult to implement. If CSR becomes mandatory it will be very beneficial for them as: CSR means contributing to the society either through company's products, services or operations or by any of its deeds and actions. This can be done by adopting practices that reduces the organisation's impact on the environment, developing staff, supporting the community and even the way company does the business. This will help the company to sustain and also build their image and trust in the society. CSR can help in business benefits. CSR practices can be very essential for winning tenders for large companies or the public sector. For customer-facing companies such as the restaurants, it is a very important and beneficial practice (Mullerat, 2010). The restaurant industry has been transformed because customers are now very keen to know that the food they are served is locally sourced and is healthy for them or not. If restaurant industry works ethically and for societal benefits. A company has to abide by certain rules and regulations by government and in order to do that they need to sustain effective CSR activities in its organisations. Legislation, regulation and taxation are the tools that the government implement to promote and protect social objectives. For example, in 1970s European government favoured command and control technique for the environmental benefit, which made the environment pollution free and healthy. CSR practices help in the development of the society and helps in improving the condition of the poor people in a lot of ways. This could be achieved by including monetary donations and aid given to non-profit organisations and communities (Witte and Jonker, 2006). Such kind of donations could be made in various areas such as the education, health, arts, social welfare and housing among others. Companies which starts practicing CSR, tries to reduce the waste of resources. This reduction in waste of resources could also help in environmental benefit as the resources would be used optimally (Fenn, 2013). If CSR practices are applied properly, they will help the organisation to build trust and manage its reputation, which will in turn increase the sales and profits (Mullerat, 2010). The audiences would be attracted towards the products more and would like to purchase it and will also suggest others to buy it this would increase the sales and ultimately the organisation would be benefited. With CSR practices a Company would try to make such products that are eco-friendly. This will not only be environment friendly but also increases the credibility of the product as well as the company (Mullerat, 2010). Nowadays people prefer the products those are eco-friendly. For this purpose company should include common CSR actions such as re-cycling, water management, waste management, reducing paper use, renewable energy and others. CSR practices also help a company in gaining Social license. Social license means the acceptance or approval of a company by a local community. Social license does not exist within the formal regulatory processes. Thus, a way to achieve this social license is by displaying commitment to CSR activities and doing effective communication in the public and displaying of the ethical and responsible behaviour by the company. A CSR program can also help a company in its recruitment and retention policy which is quit helpful for handling the competitive graduate student market (Witte and Jonker, 2006). CSR activities can be proved to be beneficial for a company in terms of improving its perception or the company's image among its staff and potential recruits by involving the staff in fund raising activities, community volunteering and payroll giving. In this way if the CSR practices are made mandatory for every company , government and also particularly for each individual then whole society, and the environment would be benefited. References Asongu, J.J. (2007). Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Practice. Greenview Publishing Co. Berg, K.E. and Latin, R.W. (2007), Essentials of research methods in health, physical education, exercise science, and recreation Point (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Boubaker, S. and Nguyen, D.K. (2012). Board Directors and Corporate Social Responsibility. Palgrave Macmillan. Brink, H., Walt, C.V. and Van Rensburg, G. (2006). Fundamentals of Research Methodology for Health Care Professionals. Juta and Company Ltd. Costa, R. and Menichini, T. (2013). A multidimensional approach for CSR assessment: The importance of the stakeholder perception. Expert Systems and Application, Vol. 40, pp. 150-161. Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd ed.). UK: Publisher SAGE. EU to force large companies to report on environmental and social impacts, (2014) [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/eu-reform-listed-companies-report-environmental-social-impact [Accessed: 20 April 2015]. Fenn, R. (2013). Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sustainablebusinesstoolkit.com/benefits-of-corporate-social-responsibility/ [Accessed on: 20 April 2015]. Gratton, C. and Jones, I. (2010). Research Methods for Sports Studies. Taylor Francis. Hopkins, M. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution? Earthscan. Horrigan, B. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: Debates, Models and Practices Across Government, Law and Business. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Kuada, J. (2012). Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. Samfundslitteratur. Latif, A. (2010). Innovation in Business and Enterprise: Technologies and Frameworks: Technologies and Frameworks. IGI Global. Lin, I. (2006). Profit Through Goodwill: Corporate Social Responsibility in China and Taiwan. ProQuest. Mandal, S. (2010). Ethics In Business Corp Governance. McGraw-Hill Education. Muijs, D. (2010). Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd. Mullerat, R. (2010). International Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Corporations in the Economic Order of the 21st Century. Kluwer Law International. Mullerat, R. (2010). International Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Corporations in the Economic Order of the 21st Century. Netherland: Kluwer Law International. Park, B. and Ghauri, P.N. (2015). Determinants influencing CSR practices in small and medium sized MNE subsidiaries: A stakeholder perspective. Journal of World Business, Vol. 50, pp. 192-204. Patil, D.B. and Bhakkad, D.D. (2014). Redefining Management Practices and Marketing in Modern Age. Athrav Publications. Werther, W.B. and Chandler, D. (2010). Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Stakeholders in a Global Environment. SAGE. Witte, M. D. and Jonker, J. (2006). Management Models for Corporate Social Responsibility. UK: Springer Science Business Media. Yong Shin, K. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China. Springer Science Business Media.

Paths of Glory an Example by

Paths of Glory The irony behind Lt. Rogets choosing of Cpl. Paris to be charged with cowardice in the face of the enemy, is that based on the conflict between these two characters, it would show that Lt. Roget is the one who had always displayed cowardice in dangerous times. In the scene where their group infiltrated enemy lines, Lt. Roget, in his seeming panic, had hurled the grenade virtually at an empty target, resulting in the death of their comrade. Need essay sample on "Paths of Glory" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It was ironic for General Broulard to seek punishment for General Mireau for ordering his men to fire at his own troops because he himself, in a figurative way, has been practicing the same principles. The only difference is that Gen. Broulard does this in a manipulative manner to further enhance his Military career, as was evidenced in the scene where he had offered Gen. Mireaus position to Colonel Dax. Private Arnauds death was especially ironic because, as he had stated while in a conversation in the barracks, Im not afraid of dying tomorrow, only of getting killed (Kubrick, S.). It was also ironic to note that at the time of this statement, he had no inkling that it was to be the very army that he had served who would eventually kill him. Other ironies employed by the director include the serving of a sumptuous last meal to the would-be executed. It was ironic that the food was from Gen. Mireau himself, who had masterminded the mock trial. Another is the attempt to bring Pvt. Arnaud to full health due to his fractured skull, only to be executed by firing squad in the next morning. Yet another enjoyable irony in the film is when Colonel Dax forced the coward Lt. Roget in heading the execution of Cpl. Paris, whom he had despised even before the war, and whom he is obviously petrified with. Perhaps Director Kubrick had employed ironies on a war movie to lessen the impact of brutality, and add humor to the film-an unusual yet effective and clever way of presenting a war movie. This deliberate attempt was also emphasized by not showing the enemy forces in the entire of the film, and the appearance of the only Germana nervous lady singer. Reference Harris, J. (Producer), & Kubrick, S. (Director). (1957). Paths of Glory. [Motion Picture]. United States: MGM.